As the demand for clean and resilient energy systems grows, the traditional electric grid is undergoing a profound transformation. At the heart of this evolution is the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT)—a network of interconnected devices and sensors that monitor, communicate, and manage energy flows in real-time. IoT-enabled smart grids are not only improving the efficiency of power distribution but also accelerating the adoption of renewable energy by making the entire system more intelligent, adaptive, and sustainable.
Smart grids equipped with IoT technology can detect fluctuations in demand, identify faults, and reroute electricity automatically, reducing the risk of blackouts and improving power quality. Sensors embedded throughout the grid—on transformers, substations, and power lines—collect granular data on voltage levels, temperature, equipment status, and energy usage. This real-time information allows utilities to respond instantly to irregularities, predict maintenance needs, and optimize energy dispatch based on current load conditions. It also empowers consumers with insights into their consumption patterns, enabling smarter energy usage and cost savings.
One of the most critical roles of IoT in smart grids is facilitating the seamless integration of distributed renewable energy sources, such as rooftop solar panels, community wind turbines, and battery storage systems. Traditional grids were designed for one-way energy flow from centralized power plants. However, renewable systems often generate electricity intermittently and locally. IoT bridges this gap by enabling dynamic, two-way communication between energy producers and grid operators. Smart meters, controllers, and cloud-based platforms work together to manage supply and demand, forecast renewable output, and balance grid stability in real-time.
For example, when solar generation in a neighborhood exceeds local demand, excess power can be stored in batteries or redistributed to nearby areas through intelligent routing algorithms. Similarly, during peak demand hours, IoT sensors can trigger demand response mechanisms that temporarily reduce energy consumption in industrial or residential settings. This not only reduces strain on the grid but also minimizes reliance on fossil-fuel-powered peaker plants—contributing to lower emissions and a greener energy footprint.
Md. Mozammel Haque Jasem, an electrical engineer with expertise in smart grid diagnostics and maintenance systems, recognizes the transformative power of IoT in shaping the energy future of the United States. His background in sensor integration, system modeling, and grid-level fault analysis supports the development of scalable, secure, and resilient energy infrastructures. By combining his hands-on experience with academic research in automation and communication systems, Jasem is contributing to the U.S. mission of digital energy equity, sustainability, and climate resilience.
Moreover, IoT-driven smart grids are vital in preparing for climate-related disasters, cyber threats, and increasing electrification demands. Whether it’s EV charging stations, smart appliances, or decentralized energy communities, IoT provides the digital backbone that connects all components and ensures grid adaptability. As more U.S. cities and rural regions modernize their power networks, investing in IoT-enabled infrastructure will be essential in delivering reliable, clean, and affordable energy to all.